The empirical part of the research will rest on five main types of data, allowing us to measure the factors (dependent and independent variables) included in the theoretical framework: (1) a population survey on a representative sample of the resident Muslim population and a control group of non-Muslim residents (micro-level data on the individual characteristics of Muslims as well as on the opinions and attitudes of the native population towards Muslims); (2) in-depth interviews with religious and associative leaders within the Muslim minority (meso-level data on the role of intermediate actors); (3) a content analysis of policy documents (macro-level data on state policies and practices towards Muslims); (4) existing statistical and documentary sources (macro-level data on the socio-economic and organizational characteristics of the Muslim minority); and (5) structured interviews with key informants (macro-level data on state policies and practices towards Muslims as well as on the socioeconomic and organizational characteristics of the Muslim minority).